Few days ago in a project that I involve in to replace a customer's existing SCCM CB infrastructure with a completely new one, I faced this "Client certificate: None" issue in a couple of computers. In their environment there are 2 Stand Alone Primary Site Servers with different site codes; existing and new one. Site is configured to use HTTP or HTTPS.
I was using a script to change the clients' site code and management point from existing to new one. While most clients that I tested changed its site assignment without issue, couple of Windows 10 version 1607 clients had this issue.